Thailand is facing increased activity in its long-running insurgency in its southern provinces, where violence has persisted for more than two decades. The separatist group Barisan Revolusi Nasional (BRN) has escalated its operations in 2026, carrying out coordinated attacks including large-scale bombings of petrol stations and infrastructure linked to the state. While civilian casualties remain limited, security forces continue to suffer regular attacks. Propaganda campaigns have also intensified, spreading messages of resistance and identity across the region. Efforts at peace, supported by neighbouring Malaysia since 2013, have stalled amid political divisions, distrust and competing agendas. The country’s new prime minister Anutin Charnvirakul faces mounting challenges in addressing both the violence and the deeper grievances sustaining the conflict.